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Information
on the Postpartum Period
The postpartum period
begins after the delivery of the baby and lasts between six to eight weeks,
ending when the mother's body has returned fairly closely to its
pre-pregnancy state. This duration sees the mother progressing through many
changes, both emotionally and physically as she tries simultaneously to
adjust to the new role of motherhood.
PHYSICAL
CHANGES
Following a normal delivery, mothers experience these events: a bloody vaginal
discharge, inflammation, tenderness and soreness in the vaginal area. Many women would have slight
tears or have undergone episiotomies - cuts in the perineum (Area of skin
between the vagina and the anus) during delivery and would have stitches
that cause discomfort. Some mothers would also have hemorrhoids. These
usually are caused by the weight and pressure of the baby and the force
exerted during pushing in labour.
Mothers may experience afterbirth pains,
contractions that continue after delivery as the
uterus also starts to return to its pre-pregnant size. In addition, there
occurs large changes in the levels of certain hormones in the body. This
might lead to water retention, some hair loss, increased urination and
vaginal dryness. Mothers who have undergone a caesarean operation will
require immediate assistance with their movements...after all, it is a major
surgery! Pain may also be expected with the healing of stitches.
Post-operative wind in the abdomen may bring about much discomfort in the
abdomen and elsewhere in the body due to pockets of air being trapped.
Some mothers would also have breast engorgement as milk production begins.
This occurs when there is an overfilling of the breasts with milk. Breasts
become tender, swollen and heavy and there may be some discomfort
involved. There may also be problems with sore and cracked nipples
when the new mother embarks on breastfeeding her child. For more
information on breastfeeding, go to
http://www.breastfeeding.org.sg
EMOTIONAL
CHANGES
While some mothers have a fairly happy
and carefree time after childbirth, others will experience a range of
emotional distress ranging from the very common, mild and temporary 'baby
blues', through postnatal depression, to the more serious but rare
condition, Puerperal Psychosis.
It is common for women
to experience the "baby blues" during the first few days after
delivery (most usually occurring between the second to fourth day
after delivery). The "baby blues" are characterized by the
following symptoms, although each woman may experience them differently:
emotional mood swings, feelings of disappointment, bouts of crying with no particular trigger,
irritability, impatience, anxiety and restlessness. In most cases, the 'baby
blues' fade away shortly after onset with minimal or no treatment
needed. Research has indicated that the 'baby blues' clears up
quickly, from two to three days and at most, resolves itself within two
weeks. Do seek out extra support and help during this time, it would make
matters easier to bear!
Postpartum depression is considered a separate phenomenon from 'baby blues'.
Symptoms of this clinical depression are experienced as deeper, more
pervasive and also longer-lasting. The onset usually occurs within 4 weeks
of birth and some studies have indicated that up to 27% of women suffer from
it, with different degrees of severity. Negative feelings predominate and
the depressed mother may feel little or diminished joy and delight in the
baby and in motherhood. Sluggishness, insomnia, hopelessness, poor
concentration and motivation, shame, guilt and isolation prevail. It is
important to seek help for depression, no matter how mild your symptoms are.
If postpartum depression is denied or is not addressed, it is likely to last
longer and be more severe than it need be and this may negatively impact the
relationship between you, your baby and the rest of your family. Just
remember, if you are going through this, you are not alone and you are not
to blame. Seek help from professionals, approach your obstetrician or family
doctor. Things will get better.
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